Current insights into BTK inhibition and other targeted approaches in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

In the setting of early-stage, asymptomatic chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the concept of watch & wait in the era of targeted agents was challenged by the placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III CLL12 study. This trial assessed the use of ibrutinib 420 mg OD (n = 182) vs. placebo (n = 181) until symptomatic disease progression in treatment-naïve patients with asymptomatic CLL Binet stage A who had an increased risk due to factors such as del(17p), IGHV mutation status, or age.

Innovative agents in marginal zone lymphoma and other B-cell malignancies

Relapses are common in patients with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), and sequential therapy is often necessary. At ASH 2023, Tedeschi et al. reported findings for 22 patients with relapsed/refractory MZL who received the oral second-generation Bcl-2 inhibitor sonrotoclax at different dose levels (i.e., 40 mg, 160 mg, 320 mg, 640 mg OD) in the first-in-human, phase I, multicenter BGB-11417-101 study.

Exploring chemotherapy-free approaches in the treatment of DLBCL

For decades, the CHOP regimen has been the first-line standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Significant improvement was achieved through the addition of rituximab (R-CHOP). Ever since, however, multiple clinical trials investigating expanded or alternative treatment regimens have not succeeded in further improving patient outcomes.

Updated findings in CLL with a focus on BTK- and Bcl-2–targeted therapies

Personalization of treatment duration of ibrutinib plus venetoclax using measurable residual disease (MRD) was explored in fit patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III FLAIR trial. At ASH 2023, Hillmen et al. presented the results for the comparison of ibrutinib plus venetoclax (n = 260) with 6 cycles of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR; n = 263).

Follicular lymphoma: BTK inhibition and bispecific antibodies

With respect to the treatment of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma (FL), there is room for improvement as many patients relapse after first-line chemoimmunotherapy. The frontline use of lenalidomide and rituximab (R2) has proven highly active in patients with FL. A single-arm phase II study investigated the addition of the BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib to R2 in patients with untreated FL based on the hypothesis that this combination will increase efficacy due to beneficial effects on the immune microenvironment.

Improving responses in multiple myeloma

An established treatment approach for transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) is induction treatment with bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), VRd consolidation, and lenalidomide maintenance. The multinational phase III PERSEUS study compared this schedule to an expanded regimen containing the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab in addition to induction and consolidation with VRd (D-VRd) as well as lenalidomide maintenance (D-R).

Waldenström macroglobulinemia: optimizing outcomes in the first and later lines

Th e randomized phase III ASPEN study compared the next-generation BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib with ibrutinib in patients with symptomatic, MYD88-mutated Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), demonstrating a trend towards better response quality and decreased toxicity in the zanubrutinib arm. Eligible patients who participated in trials of zanubrutinib for the treatment of B-cell malignancies could enroll in the BGB-3111-LTE1 study.

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