Jennifer A. Woyach explains which factors need to be considered when choosing the frontline regimen for patients with early-stage CLL, how resistance to BTK inhibition can be tackled in later lines, if chemoimmunotherapy still has a role in the treatment of CLL and highlights the most interesting findings on the management of treatment-naïve CLL patients.

Paolo Ghia highlights what modern targeted agents can achieve in terms of undetectable minimal residual disease in the management of patients with CLL and important methodological recommendations to ensure correct assessment of TP53 and IGHV mutational status. He explains how the three epigenetic subgroups (m-CLL, n-CLL, i-CLL) are related, what effect a thorough immunogenetic analysis has on the risk stratification of patients with CLL and gives an overview about the most interesting findings on the management of pretreated CLL patients.

Mark G. Kris outlines the potential of circulating tumor DNA along the neoadjuvant cancer treatment timeline, explains which correlations have been observed between changes in ctDNA levels and clinical outcomes in patients with early-stage lung cancer and how monitoring of ctDNA can potentially be utilized in clinical practice to guide the management of these patients, while also depicting the limitations of this approach. The excitement in the field of lung cancer about new drugs targeting KRAS in combination with immunotherapy for first line treatment in stage IV NSCLC is addressed, too.

David McDermott deals with the question if combination therapy is superior to single agent PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the adjuvant setting, highlights tools/biomarkers for appropriate patient selection for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, future strategies to potentially overcome resistance to ICIs, potential new outcome parameters for clinical trials investigating ICIs and highlights the most relevant findings presented at ESMO IO 2021 in terms of immuno-oncology.