Lung Cancer Archives - Page 5 of 29

Early-stage NSCLC: current insights into perioperative strategies

The randomized phase III ADAURA study was conducted in response to the unmet need of improving 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in patients with completely resected EGFR-mutated, stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which are estimated to range between 45 % and 85 %. In ADAURA, 682 patients after complete resection of stage IB, II, or IIIA NSCLC with or without adjuvant chemotherapy received either osimertinib 80 mg OD or placebo for 3 years.

Preface – ASCO Lung Cancer 2023

Under this year’s motto “partnering with patients: the cornerstone of cancer care and research”, oncology experts from around the world gathered at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Chicago, USA, and virtually from 2nd–6th June 2023, to discuss the latest data in lung cancer with emphasis on practice-changing new studies, less toxic treatments, precision oncology and new ways to reduce collateral damage.

Conventional chemotherapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT), which has been the standard-of-care for resectable NSCLC, resulted only in modest survival benefits of approximately 5 %. However, CT combined with neoadjuvant immunotherapy is a promising strategy in improving survival outcomes of patients with resectable NSCLC. Hence, several small single-arm phase II studies are ongoing in this setting, all including patients with stage III disease.

Emerging therapies in solid tumors

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that exerts direct pro-tumorigenic effects primarily by recruiting immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment such as neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. IL-8 has also been shown to promote cancer progression and resistance to therapy, by inducing angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal.

New strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15 % of all diagnosed cases of lung cancer and is characterized by a high proliferative rate, an early development of widespread metastases and a poor prognosis. The five-year survival rate is less than 7 %. More than two-thirds of patients with this highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumor are diagnosed with advanced or extensive-stage disease (ES-SCLC).

Preface – ESMO IO 2022

The ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress took place in Geneva, Switzerland, and virtually from 7th to 9th December 2022. In total, more than 2,000 participants from more than 100 countries attended one of the 31 sessions featuring over 249 presented abstracts, 6 late breaking abstracts, 6 proffered paper, 14 mini orals and 229 posters.

Biomarkers: predicting response to treatment

pNETs frequently contain mutations in MEN1, ATRX, DAXX, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. However, more data are needed to determine whether this information can predict response to standard treatments, such as CAPTEM. At NANETS 2022, Hendifar et al. presented retrospective data on 25 patients with well-differentiated grade 1 and 2 pNETs who had received CAPTEM as first- or second-line treatment and whose tumors had been molecularly characterized through next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Advances in immunotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors

Chemotherapy is currently the SoC first-line treatment for high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (HG-NENs), even though it only provides modest benefits in OS and PFS. Given the lack of therapeutic options for metastatic NEN patients and the promising antitumor activity of immunotherapy demonstrated across several solid cancer types, the efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy was investigated in an open-label, nonrandomized phase II study in patients with metastatic extra-pulmonary HG-NEN (Ki67 >20 %).

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